Poor Maternal and Child Health in Tanzania amidst Plenty: Review from Tanzania’s Grand Corruption Scandals from 2005-2015
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Published
Jan 30, 2017
Chakupewa Joseph Mpambije, Fred Bryceson Magesa
Abstract
: Maternal and Child Health (MCH) in Tanzania like other Sub Saharan African countries is in a gloomy state. The country has failed to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Sadly, maternal mortality rate (MMR) stand at 454 per 100,000 against MDG target of 133 per 100,000. Similarly, under five mortality rates (U5MR) stand at 81 per 1000 against MDG target of 19 per 1000.The government’s efforts to address MCH problems have not been successful mainly due to funds lost through grand corruption. The paper argues that the lost amount of money through grand corruption scandals could have been used to fix poor maternal and child health problems in Tanzania if it were invested in the MCH policy and programmes. Instead, the MCH policy and programmes are marred by several problems including continued dwindling of human resource for health, increase of petty corruption in the MCH sector, declining of MCH budget that gravely impact on availability of medicine and medical supplies. Other impacts of grand corruption to MCH include declining motivation to health workers and overall poor quality health care that impact community trust of the health system. The paper is of the view that fighting grand corruption can result into improving MCH policy programmes. This will be made possible if unwavering efforts will be exerted toward the said problems such as instilling ethical behaviour, strengthening anti-corruption agencies and imposing harsh penalties to grand corruption perpetrators
How to Cite
Poor Maternal and Child Health in Tanzania amidst Plenty: Review from Tanzania’s Grand Corruption Scandals from 2005-2015. (2017). Journal of Advances in Social Science and Humanities, 3(01). https://doi.org/10.15520/jassh301168
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
References
AfriMAP (2016) Effectiveness of Anti-Corruption Agencies in East Africa: Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Open Society Foundation. Nairobi Kenya.
Barnighausen, A.T (2004) Human Resource and Health Outcome:Cross Country Econometric Study. Lancent. 364(9445) 1603:
Barozi, S (2016) A lot More Needs to be Done to Protect Mothers’ Lives. The Citizen Newpaper September 13, 2015 [Online]
BBC (2009) African view: Insane with greed. [Online] http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8302729.stm accessed on 20/07/2016
Bohren, M, Vogel, J.P, Hunter, E, Lutsiv, O, Makh, S.K, Souza, J.P Aguiar, Gulmezoglu, M (2015) The Mistreatment of Women during Childbirth in Health Facilities Globally: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review. PLoS Med 12(6): e1001847. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001847
Bryan, L, Conway, M, Keesmaat, T, McKenna, S and Richardson B (2010) Strengthening sub-Saharan Africa’s health systems: A practical approach. McKinesey&Company online available at http://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/strengthening-sub-saharan-africas-health-systems-a-practical-approach accessed on 27/June/2016
Cooksey, B (2011) Public Goods, Rents and Business in Tanzania. Background Paper 01. Africa power and Politics; UKaid&Irish Aid online http://www.tzdpg.or.tz/fileadmin/_migrated/content_uploads/20110606-appp-background-paper-01-public-goods-rents-and-business-in-tanzania-brian-cooksey-june-2011.pdf accessed on 23/June/2016
Daily News (2015) Five Tanzania Railway Limited officials Suspended. Friday 17/2015 Online available at http://www.tanzaniatoday.co.tz/news/five-trl-officials-suspended
Dutta, A, Slevvin, K.W, Barker, C& Leahy-Madsen, (2015) Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health in Tanzania: Costs and Impacts of The One Plan II. Policy Brief [Online] http://www.healthpolicyproject.com/pubs/666_HPPBriefTanzaniaOnePlanR.pdf accessed on 24/June/2016
Finlayson, K and Downe, S (2013) Why Do Women Not Use Antenatal Services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries? A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Studies. PLoS Med 10(1): e1001373. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001373
Fjeldstad, O (2003) Fighting fiscal corruption: lessons from the Tanzania Revenue Authority. Public Administration and Development Volume 23, Issue 2Pages 125–209
Ghan, A (2016) Driving Corruption out of procurement in Against Corruption: a collection of essays. Policy Paper,Prime Ministers Office 10 Downing [Onilne] https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/against-corruption-a-collection-of-essays/against-corruption-a-collection-of-essays accessed on 20/July/2016
Gray, S (2015) The Political Economy of Grand Corruption in Tanzania. African Affairs 114/456,382-403 doi:10.1093/afraf/advo17
Gross, K, Alba, S, Glass, T, Schellenberg, J.A and Obrist, B (2012) Timing of antenatal care for adolescent and adult pregnant women in south-eastern Tanzania. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth2012,12:16
Gyimah-Brempong, K (2002) Corruption, economic growth,and income inequality in Africa Econ. Gov. (2002) 3: 183–209
Hanf, M, Van-Melle, A, Fraisse, F, Roger, A (2011) Corruption Kills: Estimating the Global Impact of Corruption on Children Deaths PLoS ONE 6(11): e26990. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026990
Hussmann K (2011). Addressing corruption in the health sector. U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre.
Kamuzora, P (2005) Strategies for Public Sector Corruption Prevention: Experience from Public Health Systems in Tanzania: Tanzania Journal of Development Studies, 5 (2) 33-51
Kinney, M.V, Kerber, K.J, Black, R.E, Cohen, B, Nkurumah, F, Coovadia, H,, Nampala, P.M, Lawn, J.E (2010) Sub-Saharan Africa’s Mothers, Newborns, and Children:Where and Why Do They Die? LoS Med 7(6): e1000294. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000294
Lee, B, Dutta, A, Lyimo, N &Silaa, R (2015) Budget Analysis of the Government of Tanzania’s Ministry Of Health And Social Welfare, Fiscal Year 2015/16. Policy Brief [Online] http://www.healthpolicyproject.com/pubs/3877_FINALBudgetBrief.pdf 30/06/2016
LHRC (2016) Tanzania Human Right Report 2015Tanzania Mainland. Legal and Human Right Center Justice Lugakingira House, Kijitonyama P.O. Box 75254, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Lofchie, M.L (1995) Diversity in the Tanzanian Business Community: Its Implications for Economic Growth Department of Political Science Unuversity of California, Los Angeles
Maharaj, A (2014) Addressby Akaash Maharaj, GOPAC Executive Director to the UNODC Implementation Review Group Briefing for NGOs [Online] http://www.gopacnetwork.org/Docs/Speech_UNCACIRG_Jun0514_EN.pdf accessed on 20/July/2016
Mahiti, G.R, Mkoka, D,A, Kiwara, A.D, Mkemba, C.K, Hurting, A, Goicolea, I (2015) Women’s Perception of Antenatal, Delivery, and Postpartum Services in Rural Tanzania. Global Health Action http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v8.28567
Makoye, K (2013) Corruption Corrupts Everyone in Tanzania. Thomson Reuters Foundation.
Makoye, T (2013 Corruption corrupts everyone in Tanzania; Thomson Reuters Foundation - Thu, 14 Mar 2013 06:06 GMT available at http://news.trust.org//item/?map=corruption-corrupts-everyone-in-tanzania accessed on 22/June/2016
Masare, A (2015) Wagon Scandal Boils. The Citizen, June 27, 2016 online http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/Kafulila-petitions-Speaker-over-TRL-wagons-scandal/-/1840340/2766972/-/6ahdy1/-/com.coremedia.mauritius.cae.contentbeans.MauArticleImpl$$[id=2766972]&title=Wagon%20scandal%20boils accessed on 23/June/2016
MoHSW (2004). Reproductive and Child Health Strategy, 2005-2010
Moucheraud, C, Worku, A, Molla, M, Finlay, J.E, Leaning, J&Yamin, A.E (2015) Consequences of maternal mortality on infantand child survival: a 25yearlongitudinal analysisin Butajira Ethiopia (1987-2011) Reproductive Health2015,12 (Suppl 1):S4 http://www.reproductive-health-journal.com/content/12/S1/S4
Moucheraud,C, Worku,, A, Molla, M Jocelyn E Finlay, J.E,
Leaning, J Alicia Ely Yamin, A.E.Y (2015) Consequences of maternal mortality on infantand child survival: a 25-year longitudinal analysis in Butajira Ethiopia (1987-2011) Reproductive Health2015,12(Suppl 1):S4
Mtulya, (2015) How corruption rocked Kikwete’s government in the past decade. The citizen June,24,2015 available at http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/How-corruption-rocked-Kikwete-s-govt-in-the-past-decade/-/1840340/2763268/-/dhlxm9/-/index.html accessed on 23/June/2016
National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) [Tanzania] and ICF Macro. 2011. Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2010. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: NBS and ICF Macro
Nnamuchi,O (2012) Human Suffering, Morbidity and Mortality Run Amok: Toward Reconceptualization of Grand Corruption as a Crime against Humanity. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2191912
Olusegun, O l, Thomas, I.R and Michael, I.M (2012) Curbing maternal and child mortality:The Nigerian experience International Journal of Nursingand Midwifery Vol. 4(3), pp. 33-39, April2012 DOI: 10.5897/IJNM11.030
Omwanza, K.O (n.d) Grand Corruption As A Crime Against Humanity: Research paper Team Code 115 [online] http://kenyalaw.org/kl/index.php?id=4544
Pandey, MK. (2009). Maternal health and child mortality in rural India. MPRA Paper No. 15927, Institute of Economic Growth, University of Delhi Enclave, Delhi, INDIA.
PCCB, (2008) Natioanal Governance and Corruption Survey 2009. FACEIT in Association with Dar Consultant 2009
PCCB, (2009) National Governance and Corruption Survey: Analysis of Main Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations. Volume 1 The Prevention and Combating of Corruption Bureau
PolicyForum. (2014, 12 16). CSO STATEMENT: Power sector fraud tests the Tanzanian government’s integrity and accountability Online http://hakielimu.org/old/files/news/CSOs%20statement%20on%20Escrow.pdf accessed on 23/June/2016
Pope, J and Vogl, F (2000) Making Anticorruption Agencies More Effective. Financial and Development June 2000 [Online] https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2000/06/pdf/pope.pdf accessed on 18/July/ 2016
Requejo, J.H&Bhutaa, Z.A (2015) The post-2015 agenda: staying the course in maternal and child survival Arch Dis Child; 100 (Suppl 1):s76–s81. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-305737
Salim, A.S (2010) Africa in the Next Fifty Years. The Journal ofPan African Studies, vol.3, no.8, e-Document, June 2010
Samuelsen, H., Tersbøl, B.P and Mbuyita, S.S (2013) Do health systems delay the treatment of poor children? A qualitative study of child deaths in rural Tanzania MC Health Services Research2013, 13:67
Save the Children, (2011) Analysis of Health Budget and Financing for MCH in Tanzania; Final Report; EcomResearch Group
Semkwiji, D (2012) Improving Maternal Health in Tanzania: How Promising is the National 2011/12 Budget? ESRF POLICY BRIEF No. 9/201 [online] from http://esrf.or.tz/pdf/Improving-Maternal-Health.pdf 30/06/2016
Shija, A, Msovela, J and Mboera, L.E.G (2011) Maternal Health in fifty years of Tanzania independence: Challnges and Opportunities of reducing maternal mortality. Tanzania Journal of Health Research Volume 13 (Suppl 1)
Sikaka. (2014) The Government Needs to Increase the Budget Allocation For Essential medicines, Medical Supplies and equipment to Prevent Stock Outs http://www.policyforum-tz.org/sites/default/files/BriefHealth.pdf
Sikika. (2013) Report on Availability of Essential Medicine, Medical Supplies and Bed Capacity in Hospitals in Tanzania Mainland. Sikika Company Ltd Booklet No 1
Sikika. (2015) Advocacy paper on budget allocation for essential medicine, medical supplies and equipment. [Online] http://sikika.or.tz/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Press-release-on-Budget-Allocation-for-Medicines-medical-Supplies....pdf 30/
Silal S, Penn-Kekana L, Harris B, Birch S, McIntyre D ( 2012) Exploring inequalities in access to and use of maternal health services in South Africa. BMC Health Services Research,12 (120):1–12. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-12-12
Siril, N, Kiwara, A Nyongole, O, Frumense, G, Semakafu,E, Hurting, A (2014) Addressing the Human Resources for Health Crisis in Tanzania: The Lost in Transition Syndrome. Tanzania Journal of Health Research Volume 16, No2 April 2014
Standing, A (2007) Corruption and the extractive industries in Africa Can combatting corruption cure the resource curse? ISS Paper 153 • October 2007 https://issafrica.org/uploads/Paper153.pdf
Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics (2011).Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey. Key Findings. Calverton, Maryland, USA; NBS and ICF Macro
Tanzanian Affairs. (2010) Corruption Cases-The Latest. Issue 95 Politics [Online] http://www.tzaffairs.org/2010/01/ accessed on 22/01/2016.
The Guardian. (2015) TRL Officials to Stand on Trial Soon The Guardian February 7th 2016 online http://www.ippmedia.com/news/trl-officials-stand-trial-soon-0 accessed on 23/June/2016
Tibandebage, P Kida, T Mackintosh, M and Ikingura, J (2013) Understandings of Ethics in Maternal Health Care: an Exploration of Evidence From Four Districts in Tanzania’. Working Paper 13/2, Dar es Salaam, REPOA
Tibandebange, P and Kida, T, Mackintosh, M and Ikungura, J (2013) Understandings of Ethics in Maternal Health Care: an Exploration of Evidence From Four Districts in Tanzania. Working Paper 13/2, Dar es Salaam, REPOA.
Toure, K, Sankore, R, Kuruvilla, S, Bustreo, F and Osotimehin, B (2012) Positioning women’s and children’s health in African union policy-making: a policy analysis. Globalization and Health 2012, 8;3
Transparency International Kenya (2015) The East African Bribery Index trends Analysis 2010-2014 [Online] http://www.tikenya.org/index.php/the-east-african-bribery-index accessed on 21/July/2016
UNDP. (2008) A Users’ Guide to Measuring Corruption; Global Integrity. Fists Edition Borgatta, N-0650 2B
UNICEF. (2014) Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed: Progress Report 2014. from http://files.unicef.org/publication
URT. (2008) The National Road Map Strategic Plan to Accelerate Reduction of Maternal, Newborn and Child Deaths in Tanzania 2008-2015. Ministry of Health and Social Welfare
Vian, T (2008) Review of corruption in the health sector: theory, methods and interventions Health Policy and Planning2008;23:83–94doi:10.1093/heapol/czm048
Weldegebriel, Z, Ejigu, W.Z and Woldie, M.W (2016) Motivation of Health Workers and Associated Factors in Public Hospitals of West Amhara, Northwest Ethiopia. Dove press 10 159–169
WHO. (2014) Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2013 Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, The World Bank and the United Nations Population Division. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
WHO. (2006) The African Regional Health Report: The Health Of The People. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization;
Barnighausen, A.T (2004) Human Resource and Health Outcome:Cross Country Econometric Study. Lancent. 364(9445) 1603:
Barozi, S (2016) A lot More Needs to be Done to Protect Mothers’ Lives. The Citizen Newpaper September 13, 2015 [Online]
BBC (2009) African view: Insane with greed. [Online] http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8302729.stm accessed on 20/07/2016
Bohren, M, Vogel, J.P, Hunter, E, Lutsiv, O, Makh, S.K, Souza, J.P Aguiar, Gulmezoglu, M (2015) The Mistreatment of Women during Childbirth in Health Facilities Globally: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review. PLoS Med 12(6): e1001847. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001847
Bryan, L, Conway, M, Keesmaat, T, McKenna, S and Richardson B (2010) Strengthening sub-Saharan Africa’s health systems: A practical approach. McKinesey&Company online available at http://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/strengthening-sub-saharan-africas-health-systems-a-practical-approach accessed on 27/June/2016
Cooksey, B (2011) Public Goods, Rents and Business in Tanzania. Background Paper 01. Africa power and Politics; UKaid&Irish Aid online http://www.tzdpg.or.tz/fileadmin/_migrated/content_uploads/20110606-appp-background-paper-01-public-goods-rents-and-business-in-tanzania-brian-cooksey-june-2011.pdf accessed on 23/June/2016
Daily News (2015) Five Tanzania Railway Limited officials Suspended. Friday 17/2015 Online available at http://www.tanzaniatoday.co.tz/news/five-trl-officials-suspended
Dutta, A, Slevvin, K.W, Barker, C& Leahy-Madsen, (2015) Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health in Tanzania: Costs and Impacts of The One Plan II. Policy Brief [Online] http://www.healthpolicyproject.com/pubs/666_HPPBriefTanzaniaOnePlanR.pdf accessed on 24/June/2016
Finlayson, K and Downe, S (2013) Why Do Women Not Use Antenatal Services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries? A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Studies. PLoS Med 10(1): e1001373. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001373
Fjeldstad, O (2003) Fighting fiscal corruption: lessons from the Tanzania Revenue Authority. Public Administration and Development Volume 23, Issue 2Pages 125–209
Ghan, A (2016) Driving Corruption out of procurement in Against Corruption: a collection of essays. Policy Paper,Prime Ministers Office 10 Downing [Onilne] https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/against-corruption-a-collection-of-essays/against-corruption-a-collection-of-essays accessed on 20/July/2016
Gray, S (2015) The Political Economy of Grand Corruption in Tanzania. African Affairs 114/456,382-403 doi:10.1093/afraf/advo17
Gross, K, Alba, S, Glass, T, Schellenberg, J.A and Obrist, B (2012) Timing of antenatal care for adolescent and adult pregnant women in south-eastern Tanzania. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth2012,12:16
Gyimah-Brempong, K (2002) Corruption, economic growth,and income inequality in Africa Econ. Gov. (2002) 3: 183–209
Hanf, M, Van-Melle, A, Fraisse, F, Roger, A (2011) Corruption Kills: Estimating the Global Impact of Corruption on Children Deaths PLoS ONE 6(11): e26990. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026990
Hussmann K (2011). Addressing corruption in the health sector. U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre.
Kamuzora, P (2005) Strategies for Public Sector Corruption Prevention: Experience from Public Health Systems in Tanzania: Tanzania Journal of Development Studies, 5 (2) 33-51
Kinney, M.V, Kerber, K.J, Black, R.E, Cohen, B, Nkurumah, F, Coovadia, H,, Nampala, P.M, Lawn, J.E (2010) Sub-Saharan Africa’s Mothers, Newborns, and Children:Where and Why Do They Die? LoS Med 7(6): e1000294. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000294
Lee, B, Dutta, A, Lyimo, N &Silaa, R (2015) Budget Analysis of the Government of Tanzania’s Ministry Of Health And Social Welfare, Fiscal Year 2015/16. Policy Brief [Online] http://www.healthpolicyproject.com/pubs/3877_FINALBudgetBrief.pdf 30/06/2016
LHRC (2016) Tanzania Human Right Report 2015Tanzania Mainland. Legal and Human Right Center Justice Lugakingira House, Kijitonyama P.O. Box 75254, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Lofchie, M.L (1995) Diversity in the Tanzanian Business Community: Its Implications for Economic Growth Department of Political Science Unuversity of California, Los Angeles
Maharaj, A (2014) Addressby Akaash Maharaj, GOPAC Executive Director to the UNODC Implementation Review Group Briefing for NGOs [Online] http://www.gopacnetwork.org/Docs/Speech_UNCACIRG_Jun0514_EN.pdf accessed on 20/July/2016
Mahiti, G.R, Mkoka, D,A, Kiwara, A.D, Mkemba, C.K, Hurting, A, Goicolea, I (2015) Women’s Perception of Antenatal, Delivery, and Postpartum Services in Rural Tanzania. Global Health Action http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v8.28567
Makoye, K (2013) Corruption Corrupts Everyone in Tanzania. Thomson Reuters Foundation.
Makoye, T (2013 Corruption corrupts everyone in Tanzania; Thomson Reuters Foundation - Thu, 14 Mar 2013 06:06 GMT available at http://news.trust.org//item/?map=corruption-corrupts-everyone-in-tanzania accessed on 22/June/2016
Masare, A (2015) Wagon Scandal Boils. The Citizen, June 27, 2016 online http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/Kafulila-petitions-Speaker-over-TRL-wagons-scandal/-/1840340/2766972/-/6ahdy1/-/com.coremedia.mauritius.cae.contentbeans.MauArticleImpl$$[id=2766972]&title=Wagon%20scandal%20boils accessed on 23/June/2016
MoHSW (2004). Reproductive and Child Health Strategy, 2005-2010
Moucheraud, C, Worku, A, Molla, M, Finlay, J.E, Leaning, J&Yamin, A.E (2015) Consequences of maternal mortality on infantand child survival: a 25yearlongitudinal analysisin Butajira Ethiopia (1987-2011) Reproductive Health2015,12 (Suppl 1):S4 http://www.reproductive-health-journal.com/content/12/S1/S4
Moucheraud,C, Worku,, A, Molla, M Jocelyn E Finlay, J.E,
Leaning, J Alicia Ely Yamin, A.E.Y (2015) Consequences of maternal mortality on infantand child survival: a 25-year longitudinal analysis in Butajira Ethiopia (1987-2011) Reproductive Health2015,12(Suppl 1):S4
Mtulya, (2015) How corruption rocked Kikwete’s government in the past decade. The citizen June,24,2015 available at http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/How-corruption-rocked-Kikwete-s-govt-in-the-past-decade/-/1840340/2763268/-/dhlxm9/-/index.html accessed on 23/June/2016
National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) [Tanzania] and ICF Macro. 2011. Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2010. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: NBS and ICF Macro
Nnamuchi,O (2012) Human Suffering, Morbidity and Mortality Run Amok: Toward Reconceptualization of Grand Corruption as a Crime against Humanity. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2191912
Olusegun, O l, Thomas, I.R and Michael, I.M (2012) Curbing maternal and child mortality:The Nigerian experience International Journal of Nursingand Midwifery Vol. 4(3), pp. 33-39, April2012 DOI: 10.5897/IJNM11.030
Omwanza, K.O (n.d) Grand Corruption As A Crime Against Humanity: Research paper Team Code 115 [online] http://kenyalaw.org/kl/index.php?id=4544
Pandey, MK. (2009). Maternal health and child mortality in rural India. MPRA Paper No. 15927, Institute of Economic Growth, University of Delhi Enclave, Delhi, INDIA.
PCCB, (2008) Natioanal Governance and Corruption Survey 2009. FACEIT in Association with Dar Consultant 2009
PCCB, (2009) National Governance and Corruption Survey: Analysis of Main Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations. Volume 1 The Prevention and Combating of Corruption Bureau
PolicyForum. (2014, 12 16). CSO STATEMENT: Power sector fraud tests the Tanzanian government’s integrity and accountability Online http://hakielimu.org/old/files/news/CSOs%20statement%20on%20Escrow.pdf accessed on 23/June/2016
Pope, J and Vogl, F (2000) Making Anticorruption Agencies More Effective. Financial and Development June 2000 [Online] https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2000/06/pdf/pope.pdf accessed on 18/July/ 2016
Requejo, J.H&Bhutaa, Z.A (2015) The post-2015 agenda: staying the course in maternal and child survival Arch Dis Child; 100 (Suppl 1):s76–s81. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-305737
Salim, A.S (2010) Africa in the Next Fifty Years. The Journal ofPan African Studies, vol.3, no.8, e-Document, June 2010
Samuelsen, H., Tersbøl, B.P and Mbuyita, S.S (2013) Do health systems delay the treatment of poor children? A qualitative study of child deaths in rural Tanzania MC Health Services Research2013, 13:67
Save the Children, (2011) Analysis of Health Budget and Financing for MCH in Tanzania; Final Report; EcomResearch Group
Semkwiji, D (2012) Improving Maternal Health in Tanzania: How Promising is the National 2011/12 Budget? ESRF POLICY BRIEF No. 9/201 [online] from http://esrf.or.tz/pdf/Improving-Maternal-Health.pdf 30/06/2016
Shija, A, Msovela, J and Mboera, L.E.G (2011) Maternal Health in fifty years of Tanzania independence: Challnges and Opportunities of reducing maternal mortality. Tanzania Journal of Health Research Volume 13 (Suppl 1)
Sikaka. (2014) The Government Needs to Increase the Budget Allocation For Essential medicines, Medical Supplies and equipment to Prevent Stock Outs http://www.policyforum-tz.org/sites/default/files/BriefHealth.pdf
Sikika. (2013) Report on Availability of Essential Medicine, Medical Supplies and Bed Capacity in Hospitals in Tanzania Mainland. Sikika Company Ltd Booklet No 1
Sikika. (2015) Advocacy paper on budget allocation for essential medicine, medical supplies and equipment. [Online] http://sikika.or.tz/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Press-release-on-Budget-Allocation-for-Medicines-medical-Supplies....pdf 30/
Silal S, Penn-Kekana L, Harris B, Birch S, McIntyre D ( 2012) Exploring inequalities in access to and use of maternal health services in South Africa. BMC Health Services Research,12 (120):1–12. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-12-12
Siril, N, Kiwara, A Nyongole, O, Frumense, G, Semakafu,E, Hurting, A (2014) Addressing the Human Resources for Health Crisis in Tanzania: The Lost in Transition Syndrome. Tanzania Journal of Health Research Volume 16, No2 April 2014
Standing, A (2007) Corruption and the extractive industries in Africa Can combatting corruption cure the resource curse? ISS Paper 153 • October 2007 https://issafrica.org/uploads/Paper153.pdf
Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics (2011).Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey. Key Findings. Calverton, Maryland, USA; NBS and ICF Macro
Tanzanian Affairs. (2010) Corruption Cases-The Latest. Issue 95 Politics [Online] http://www.tzaffairs.org/2010/01/ accessed on 22/01/2016.
The Guardian. (2015) TRL Officials to Stand on Trial Soon The Guardian February 7th 2016 online http://www.ippmedia.com/news/trl-officials-stand-trial-soon-0 accessed on 23/June/2016
Tibandebage, P Kida, T Mackintosh, M and Ikingura, J (2013) Understandings of Ethics in Maternal Health Care: an Exploration of Evidence From Four Districts in Tanzania’. Working Paper 13/2, Dar es Salaam, REPOA
Tibandebange, P and Kida, T, Mackintosh, M and Ikungura, J (2013) Understandings of Ethics in Maternal Health Care: an Exploration of Evidence From Four Districts in Tanzania. Working Paper 13/2, Dar es Salaam, REPOA.
Toure, K, Sankore, R, Kuruvilla, S, Bustreo, F and Osotimehin, B (2012) Positioning women’s and children’s health in African union policy-making: a policy analysis. Globalization and Health 2012, 8;3
Transparency International Kenya (2015) The East African Bribery Index trends Analysis 2010-2014 [Online] http://www.tikenya.org/index.php/the-east-african-bribery-index accessed on 21/July/2016
UNDP. (2008) A Users’ Guide to Measuring Corruption; Global Integrity. Fists Edition Borgatta, N-0650 2B
UNICEF. (2014) Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed: Progress Report 2014. from http://files.unicef.org/publication
URT. (2008) The National Road Map Strategic Plan to Accelerate Reduction of Maternal, Newborn and Child Deaths in Tanzania 2008-2015. Ministry of Health and Social Welfare
Vian, T (2008) Review of corruption in the health sector: theory, methods and interventions Health Policy and Planning2008;23:83–94doi:10.1093/heapol/czm048
Weldegebriel, Z, Ejigu, W.Z and Woldie, M.W (2016) Motivation of Health Workers and Associated Factors in Public Hospitals of West Amhara, Northwest Ethiopia. Dove press 10 159–169
WHO. (2014) Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2013 Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, The World Bank and the United Nations Population Division. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
WHO. (2006) The African Regional Health Report: The Health Of The People. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization;
Issue
Section
Research Articles
How to Cite
Poor Maternal and Child Health in Tanzania amidst Plenty: Review from Tanzania’s Grand Corruption Scandals from 2005-2015. (2017). Journal of Advances in Social Science and Humanities, 3(01). https://doi.org/10.15520/jassh301168