Water and Sanitation Conditions and its Negative Impact as Disease Prevalence in India: A State Level Analysis

Abstract

In the present era of development, most of the cities in India are characterized by congestion, inadequate water supply and sanitation, which in turn affect the health of urban people. The objectives of this study are to examine spatial distribution of water and sanitation conditions and its association with morbidity with using NSSO 69^th round data. In the urban India, 90.8% Households have accessibility of water, 90.6% Households have latrine facility, 83.3% Households have bathroom facility, 60.4% Households have closed, 27.4% open, and 12.5% not have drainage system, 73.3% waste water disposed in drainage system and 59.7% garbage dumped at dumping sites. Odds ratios reveal statistically significant association between good housing, water and sanitation condition with lower disease prevalence. Households with unsafe drinking water are more likely to have any skin problem (OR: 1.49) and fever other than malaria (OR: 1.22) compared to those with safe drinking water. Findings of the study concludes that improvement in water and sanitation conditions can substantially reduce the rates of diseases prevalence and it can be expected to affect other aspects of human hygiene and health.